Dispersion of nano matrices into cellulose network

Abstract

The nano particles of Nickel Oxides and Manganese Oxides was prepared chemically by precipitation and forced hydrolysis method respectively. NiO particles are synthesized by air calcination of Ni(OH)_2.NiCO_3.xH_2 O; which is precipitated from aqueous solution containing NiCl_2 as the nickel source and NH_4 HCO_3 act as the precipitation agent. Mn_3 O_4 nano particles were prepared by forced hydrolysis of Mn(II) acatate. Aqueous solution of Mn(OOCCH_3 )_2.4H_2 O was heated over at 〖80〗^0 c for 2 hours. The resulting brown dispersed product is washed for several times. After that dried in air to obtain Mn_3 O_4 nano particles.

The nano particles loaded MCC was fabricated by simply filtering the (MCC) suspension containing nano NiO and nano Mn_3 O_4 through a sheet of filter paper. The nano particles are attracted to the MCC fibers by electrostatic interaction. Certain amount of MCC is taken in a beaker containing double distilled water. At a fixed condition, a small amount of nano NiO and Mn_3 O_4 is added to the suspension. Through keeping the same reaction condition the suspension is filtered and dried to obtain final product.

The nano metal oxides and the nano metal oxides dispersed in MCC metrics were characterized by a wide range of experimental techniques Viz, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope and EDX.

IR spectral analysis analysis of the samples yielded useful information on the identification of the compounds. From the spectra the band characteristics of NiO, Mn_3 O_4, MCC, NiO/MCC, Mn_3 O_4/MCC confirmed the presence of the components in each substrate.

X-ray scattering patterns of the nano metal oxides and MCC indicating the crystalline nature. The nano-size of metal oxides (NiO and Mn_3 O_4) are ensured through calculating the crystallite size (using XRD method). Surface morphology obtained by SEM provides many interesting results. The surface of nano Mn_3 O_4 and nano NiO are granular and consist of particles ranging from nm to μm level. Surface of nano NiO/MCC and nano Mn_3 O_4/MCC shows that nano metal oxide distribution over the substrate is not homogeneous. EDX analysis ensures that the composition of Mn and O is Mn_3 O_4 and Ni and O in NiO.

For the removal of dyes for solution nano NiO/MCC and MCC is used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacity q_t at any time of MB on nano NiO/MCC is slightly higher than cellulose.The Adsorption kinetic study exhibits that the adsorption of MB on MCC and MCC/ nano NiO composites are better fit to pseudo second order kinetic model than the pseudo first order kinetic model by giving greater r^2 value. To better understand the interactions between MB and the adsorbents, the equilibrium experimental data were analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. From the fitting parameters, regression coefficients (R2) suggest that the Langmuir model fits the adsorption better, which implies that both MCC and nano NiO/MCC likely possess homogeneous adsorption surface and the adsorption of MB on these two adsorbents is likely monolayer.

The measurement of the antibacterial activity of individual drug pure Mn_3 O_4 nanoparticles and MCC /nano Mn_3 O_4composite was done by Mueller-Hinton agar disk diffusion method. A total seven bacterial stains including selected gram positive and gram negative bacteria were selected to assess susceptibility pattern.

It can be seen that both nano Mn_3 O_4 and nano Mn_3 O_4/MCC suggesting a antibacterial activity against the bacteria samples tested. This results implies that Mn_3 O_4 nanoparticles and nano Mn_3 O_4/MCC composite kill some bacteria and interact with them strongly.