Interaction of ciprofloxacin with micro- and modified nano-crystalline cellulose

Abstract

Cellulose in microcrystalline form is the most popular excipient in pharmaceutical industry for drugs formulation. Derivatized cellulose has also been used extensively in pharmaceutical preparations such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and numerous other forms are used in oral, topical, and injectable formulations. Recent development of controlled release drug delivery systems provides a uniform concentration or amount of drug at absorption site, maintained plasma concentration within a therapeutic range, minimizes the side effects and reduces the frequency of drug administration. Due to the abundance, renewability, bio-compatibility of cellulose and its modified products have received increasing interest in controlled drug delivery system. However, to the best of our knowledge there are very few studies available on the binding interactions of the drugs with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and its modified nano products such as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and dialdehyde derivatives of nanocrystalline cellulose (DANC). The research work aims to investigate the interaction of a model drug ciprofloxacin with microand modified nanocrystalline cellulose. The NCC prepared by an acid hydrolysis method followed by ultrasonication and dialdehyde nanocrystalline cellulose(DANC) was prepared from NCC by selective oxidation with sodium meta periodate, were shown to have nanoscopic dimensions and exhibit a high degree of crystallinity. These crystallites bound significant quantities of the water soluble, ionizable ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. DANC binds relatively larger amount of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride compared to MCC and NCC. The bounded drug released rapidly over one-hour period. The pH dependent release was studied. The release of drug increases with the increase of pH of the solvent. At a certain pH DANC release relatively large amount of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride compared to that of NCC and MCC. The nature of binding and release of drug from MCC, NCC and DANC suggest that DANC can be used as chemical anchor for further modification in the control drug delivery system.