Study on Public Open Spaces of Dhaka City in order to Develop a Green Network with Special Reference to Urban Spatial Structure

Abstract

In a megacity like Dhaka, to meet the recreational and social needs of the expanding population, it is imperative to augment the quantity of public open spaces while simultaneously preserving the ecological corridors and optimizing ecological footprints. The number of parks, vacant lands, and green spaces has been progressively dwindling due to rapid and unplanned urbanization in Dhaka city. Given the aforementioned challenges, Dhaka must devise a comprehensive plan for the distribution of open and green spaces among its populace, with the ultimate goal of transforming into a livable metropolis. Keeping this in mind, the Draft Structure Plan (2016-2035) for Dhaka proposes the establishment of a green network that would function as a system of interconnected public open and green spaces. Therefore, the research investigates public open spaces in Dhaka city to develop a green network that integrates open and green spaces into the urban core while maintaining the integrity of land use and urban fabric to establish an easily accessible pedestrian network. In order to implement the concept of a green network, the challenges lie in identifying those areas and establishing the unique criteria for Dhaka’s green network development. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the prerequisites necessary to construct a green network and develop an urban design framework for Dhaka based on interdisciplinary knowledge. To achieve this, the thesis employed a variety of methods: a review of the relevant scientific literature and case studies in different regions to identify criteria for green network development; fieldwork to investigate the criteria in the study area through questionnaires, movement count, and field observations; finally analysis of the field-data through Sociotope mapping, Configurational analysis, and Ecological value mapping; and finally, synthesis of the findings from the different domains to establish an urban design framework. For the development of a green network, it has been determined that green and open spaces must be attractive and accessible to people, and viable wildlife habitats. Assessment of the sample spaces presented that Dhaka's large green spaces exhibit valuable ecological characteristics and are the most attractive spaces for users. Preserving the ecological character and maintaining the quality of these spaces will contribute to being part of green network development. Small green spaces in Dhaka city are less attractive to users and ecologically insignificant, despite their well-integrated location and spatial connection with the city core. Moreover, it is imperative to improve the spatial relationships among the available open areas and establish connections wherever deemed necessary. This thesis proposes a location-specific strategy for green spaces to integrate social, psychological, spatial, and ecological functions in urban areas. Finally, the discussions have made it evident that the development of green networks requires multiple strategies and the urban design framework suggested five essential strategies for Dhaka, such as conservation, enhancement, connection, transformation, and creation of green open spaces. This research attempted to develop the urban design guidelines for a green network, boosting Dhaka's current and future quality of life.