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The present research aims to synthesize ceramics with porous structures and antibacterial properties. Currently, medical applications and wastewater filtration are associated with various kinds of ceramic material originating from nature and synthesizing processes. Doped Hydroxyapatite (HAp) as an antibacterial agent has the potential importance to overcome bacterial infection in biomedical and environmental-related applications. However, the porous structure of HAp has elevated importance in the filtration process. Seven compositions of pristine, doped, and co-doped Hap Ca10-x-yAgx Niy (PO4) (OH)2 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.55, 0.3, 0.5 and y= 0,0,0,0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) samples were synthesized by Sol-gel precipitation method and made porous structure by a pore former. These are sintered at 800-1100°C to obtain Hexagonal HAp (JCPDS#09-432) was identified in the entire sample. Also, the former pore percentage changed the morphology of the particle. Then their chemical and biological characterizations were carried out along with the standard Hydroxyapatite. Phase content was studied by XRD analysis; crystallite size has found to be around 7-67 nm. XPS analysis confirms the presence of the doping element. The particle size and shape changed regarding the concentration of doping agent and sintering temperature in the range of 49.56-71.23 nm for Nanocrystalline HAp and 271.1 nm to 709.92 nm for porous HAp sintered in higher temperatures. The peaks of O-H and P-O bonds have been found in the FTIR analysis of the pristine HAp and doped samples.Particle size analysis and the distribution were calculated and shown from SEM images. BET analysis helped to determine the surface area, which is calculated as 43.21 and 57.94 m2/g, respectively, for pristine porous HAp and 0.6 Ag doped HAp. The pore volume of the pristine HAp through BJH calculation has been found to be 0.0445 g/cc. The macro pores in the sample analyzed by liquid intrusion which gives the range of 330 nm to 550 nm diameter of the macropore. AAS analysis shows the absorption capacity of lead (Pb) solution by different samples of HAp in the range 0f 99.9%. The result of in vivo bioactivity revealed that the antibacterial activity of the HAp samples was sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Increased Ag+Ni concentration altered the antibacterial activity against the bacteria.
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