Investigation on urban design of open spaces for city resiliency to mitigate waterlogging problems of Dhaka

Abstract

Waterlogging, a recurring calamity in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, poses a significant threat annually. However, the potential of open spaces to mitigate this issue offers hope for the future. The prolonged waterlogging, resulting from unpredictable precipitation patterns, presents substantial infrastructure challenges, leading to economic losses, communication disruptions, increased disease transmission, and unsanitary living conditions for affected populations. This situation causes immense hardship and suffering for the people of Dhaka city. Dhaka, an overpopulated megacity with diminishing greenery, relies heavily on open spaces. These spaces, beyond their recreational function, have the potential to absorb water. However, their untapped potential in addressing urban issues, particularly waterlogging, remains largely unexplored. Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in recognition of the importance of incorporating water-sensitive urban design measures for urban open spaces. The primary objective of this research endeavor is to ascertain the fundamental capacities of open spaces in Dhaka to effectively foster urban resilience by mitigating water logging challenges. The findings of this research are crucial for understanding and addressing the waterlogging issue in Dhaka. To achieve the objective, the Dhanmondi Rapa plaza node on Mirpur Road and adjacent open spaces are studied and surveyed as the research area which faces acute waterlogging in every monsoon period. Mixed methods have been employed to conduct research, including systematic observation, case studies, mapping, content analysis, and synthesis. The present study has examined contemporary urban design practices based on natural drainage principles that utilize open spaces. The research has identified that the features of low-impact development practices can be effectively integrated with the open spaces of the research area to address the waterlogging problem. Based on the research findings, it has been recommended that Dhaka's open spaces be considered potential multifunctional urban design elements as they can incorporate interventions of low-impact development practices following the natural drainage process and its regular function. It is also suggested that the sidewalks and edge design of open spaces be rethought to address the roadside waterlogging problem comprehensively.